Home Page for the Information Technology (IT) Discipline

"Private Cloud Management"

Table of Contents

Introduction: Introduction: Introduction to Private Cloud Management
Framework: Using This Artifact as a "Private Cloud Management Framework"
Glossary of Related Terms: The "Private Cloud Management Glossary"
Capabilities: Private Cloud Management as an Enterprise Capability
Ownership: Clearly Defined Private Cloud Management Ownership is Critical for Success
Verbs and Actions: Understanding Why Verbs and Actions are Important to Private Cloud Management
Roles: Key Verb and Action Driven Roles For Private Cloud Management
Taxonomy: Understanding Private Cloud Management Classifications or Categorizations
Life Cycle (Lifecycle): Data Lifecycle Phases for Private Cloud Management
Metrics: Private Cloud Management Metrics
Services: Private Cloud Management as a Set of Services (a.k.a. Private Cloud Management Services)
Principles & Best Practices: Common Principles and Best Practices for Private Cloud Management
Further Reading and Reference Material for Private Cloud Management

Introduction: Introduction to Private Cloud Management

This document represents an aggregated, ordered and contextualized view of the material we've been able to compile and publish that is related to the topic of "Private Cloud Management." The goal is to make this page a landing and launch point for all things related to this topic. As our content becomes more complete and more accurate, this page should become a very useful and powerful knowledge base for this topic and all parties interested in it.

You'll find that the content for this document is consistent with that of other discipline related documents. This is intentional. The consistency is based on a knowledge pattern that helps individuals learn more about different topics, quicker and more efficiently. We hope you find the material useful and easy to learn.

It's important to realize that content in this document and any related sub-documents are constantly evolving. Therefore, we recommend you check for updates, regularly, to keep up with the latest material.

The Foundation always welcomes your feedback and suggestions for improvement, as we're always looking for ways to improve our solutions and offerings to the general community.

All solutions published by the Foundation are subject to the terms and conditions of the Foundation's Master Agreement.

Framework: Using This Artifact as a "Private Cloud Management Framework"

This document or artifact, along with everything in it, is intended to act as a "Framework" that addresses various aspects of Private Cloud Management.

The readers will notice that most sections in the Table of Contents (TOC) use a format where the TOC entry is prefixed with a topic name, followed by a short descriptive title (i.e. "TOPIC_NAME: TOPIC_RELATED_SECTION_TITLE"). This is intentional and represents a format by which the Foundation may achieve things like the identification of appropriate topic areas, the segregation of distinct topic areas from each other, the appropriate ordering of topic areas, and achieve the maintenance of consistency, both, within and across different IT Disciplines.

To elaborate, this artifact is intended to:

1. Organize different areas of the discipline known as Private Cloud Management into clear and compartmentalized areas that allow the Foundation to more effectively and productively collect, document and publish information that pertains to this discipline.
2. Decompose each area of Private Cloud Management into smaller and, therefore, more digestible units for more efficient learning and understanding.
3. Document common industry wisdom about each area, piece or subcomponent of Private Cloud Management
4. Act as a set of Private Cloud Management related best practices and guidelines that have been collected, documented, and published for the benefit of IT Professionals, regardless of their specific industry, line of business, or area of expertise.
5. Act as a consistent and repeatable pattern for documenting, publishing and learning, both, within this Discipline and across "all" Disciplines.

From the Foundation's perspective, if done correctly, all of the above will allow the Foundation to properly decompose, document and publish content related to each sub-area or sub-topic for each IT Discipline, including this specific discipline (i.e. "Private Cloud Management").

From the reader's perspective, if done correctly, all of the above will allow him or her to easily find and learn about specific areas of interest associated with this and all other IT Disciplines in a manner where the reader may effectively consume and digest material in small atomic segments that act as repeatable and more effective learning units.

As this artifact evolves and progresses, the reader will see it address key areas of the professional IT Discipline "Private Cloud Management" that range from its detailed definition through closely related terms, phrases and their definitions, to its detailed specification of Private Cloud Management Capabilities, and all the way through to defining, delivering, operating and supporting Private Cloud Management Services.

As mentioned previously, this document will continue to evolve and the Foundation recommends the reader check back, regularly, to stay abreast of modifications and new developments. It is also important to understand that the structure of this artifact may change to meet the needs of such evolution.

Glossary of Related Terms: The "Private Cloud Management Glossary"

Language between IT professionals and the businesses we serve is often a significant barrier to success, as we often spend countless hours trying to interpret each other's meanings. This is often also true between IT professionals who are taught to use certain terms and definitions as part of the organizations and industries they serve. It's when you start to jump from organization to organization, from enterprise to enterprise, and from industry to industry that you realize how much time and effort is wasted on just getting language and meanings correct. For these reasons, the Foundation puts a great deal of focus on terms and phrases, as well as their corresponding definitions. We highly recommend you spend time learning and understanding all of the related terms and phrases, along with their meanings, for all areas of "Private Cloud Management."

Private Cloud Management Glossary

Centralized Private Cloud Management	Private Cloud Management Process
Decentralized Private Cloud Management	Private Cloud Management Professional
Enterprise Private Cloud Management	Private Cloud Management Program
Federated Private Cloud Management	Private Cloud Management Project
Private Cloud	Private Cloud Management Reference Architecture
Private Cloud Automation	Private Cloud Management Release
Private Cloud Capacity Management	Private Cloud Management Report
Private Cloud Catalog	Private Cloud Management Reporting
Private Cloud Catalogue	Private Cloud Management Roadmap
Private Cloud Configuration	Private Cloud Management Role
Private Cloud Configuration Item	Private Cloud Management Schedule
Private Cloud Configuration Management	Private Cloud Management Security
Private Cloud Cost	Private Cloud Management Service
Private Cloud Data Entity	Private Cloud Management Service Assurance
Private Cloud Database	Private Cloud Management Service Contract
Private Cloud Decommission	Private Cloud Management Service Level Agreement (SLA)
Private Cloud Delivery	Private Cloud Management Service Level Objective (SLO)
Private Cloud Dependency	Private Cloud Management Service Level Requirement (SLR)
Private Cloud Deployment	Private Cloud Management Service Level Target (SLT)
Private Cloud Document	Private Cloud Management Service Provider
Private Cloud Document Management	Private Cloud Management Service Request
Private Cloud File Plan	Private Cloud Management Software
Private Cloud Framework	Private Cloud Management Solution
Private Cloud Governance	Private Cloud Management Stakeholder
Private Cloud History	Private Cloud Management Standard
Private Cloud Identifier	Private Cloud Management Strategy
Private Cloud Inventory	Private Cloud Management Supply
Private Cloud Item	Private Cloud Management Support
Private Cloud Lifecycle	Private Cloud Management System
Private Cloud Lifecycle Management	Private Cloud Management Theory
Private Cloud Management	Private Cloud Management Training
Private Cloud Management Application	Private Cloud Management Vision
Private Cloud Management Best Practice	Private Cloud Management Workflow
Private Cloud Management Capability	Private Cloud Metadata
Private Cloud Management Center of Excellence	Private Cloud Migration
Private Cloud Management Certification	Private Cloud Plan
Private Cloud Management Class	Private Cloud Portfolio
Private Cloud Management Community of Practice (CoP)	Private Cloud Portfolio Management
Private Cloud Management Course	Private Cloud Processing
Private Cloud Management Data	Private Cloud Record
Private Cloud Management Data Dictionary	Private Cloud Records Management
Private Cloud Management Database	Private Cloud Repository
Private Cloud Management Demand	Private Cloud Reuse
Private Cloud Management Dependency	Private Cloud Review
Private Cloud Management Document	Private Cloud Schedule
Private Cloud Management Documentation	Private Cloud Schematic (Schema)
Private Cloud Management File Plan	Private Cloud Security
Private Cloud Management Form	Private Cloud Software
Private Cloud Management Framework	Private Cloud Strategy
Private Cloud Management Governance	Private Cloud Support
Private Cloud Management Lessons Learned	Private Cloud Taxonomy
Private Cloud Management Metric	Private Cloud Termination
Private Cloud Management Operating Model	Private Cloud Tracking
Private Cloud Management Organization	Private Cloud Tracking Software
Private Cloud Management Plan	Private Cloud Transaction
Private Cloud Management Platform	Private Cloud Unique Identifier
Private Cloud Management Policy	Private Cloud Verification
Private Cloud Management Portfolio	Private Cloud Version
Private Cloud Management Principle	Private Cloud Workflow
Private Cloud Management Procedure	Regional Private Cloud Management
Private Cloud Management Process

Please refer to the IT Glossary for other terms and phrases that may be relevant to this professional discipline.

Readers may also refer to the Taxonomy of Glossaries for terms and phrases that are semantically grouped according to IT Disciplines or enterprise domains.

Capabilities: Private Cloud Management as an Enterprise Capability

A Capability, as it pertains to Information Technology (IT) or to an enterprise that an IT Organization serves, is defined to be "A manageable feature, faculty, function, process, service or discipline that represents an ability to perform something which yields an expected set of results and is capable of further advancement or development. In other words, a Capability is nothing more than "the ability to do something" or, quite simply, a Feature or Function. Therefore, when applied to an enterprise, a Capability represents a critical Enterprise Feature or Enterprise Function.

When it comes to Capabilities, there are multiple types that an enterprise needs to be aware of. Examples include but are not limited to:

• Business Capabilities: A set of Capabilities needed and/or offered by a Business.
• Information Technology (IT) Capabilities: A set of Capabilities needed and/or offered by an IT Organization.
• System Capabilities: A set of Capabilities needed and/or offered by a System
• Service Capabilities: A set of Capabilities needed and/or offered by a Service
• Organizational Capabilities: A set of Capabilities needed and/or offered by one or more Organizations.
• Enterprise Capabilities: A set of Capabilities needed and/or offered by an Enterprise (i.e. the combined set of all of the above).

As can be seen above, there are Capabilities that are associated with Resources, Organizations, and Assets such as Systems. All are important to an enterprise.

In the case of this IT Discipline (i.e. Private Cloud Management), we use the word Capability in the context of an Enterprise Capability or an IT Capability, which are both equivalent to Enterprise Disciplines or IT Disciplines, respectively. In short, the Capability of Private Cloud Management represents the ability to deal with any and all Private Cloud Items and anything relevant that is related to or associated with any Private Cloud Items.

If you think about it, a capability is really nothing more than a "verb" or "action that represents "the ability to do something." Understanding this allows us to derive a consistent and highly repeatable set of sub-capabilities for any Noun we're dealing with. For example:

• The ability to architect a specific Noun.
• The ability to copy a specific Noun.
• The ability to create a specific Noun.
• The ability to delete a specific Noun.
• The ability to design a specific Noun.
• The ability to edit a specific Noun.
• The ability to modify a specific Noun.
• The ability to purge a specific Noun.
• The ability to request a specific Noun.
• Etc. (The list is quite long.)

In summary, the implication is that the Enterprise Capability or Enterprise Discipline known as Private Cloud Management is the superset of all the above Sub-Capabilities, as they pertain to or are applied to the discipline-specific Noun: "Private Cloud." This now translates more specifically to:

• The ability to architect a specific Private Cloud Item.
• The ability to copy a specific Private Cloud Item.
• The ability to create a specific Private Cloud Item.
• The ability to delete a specific Private Cloud Item.
• The ability to design a specific Private Cloud Item.
• The ability to edit a specific Private Cloud Item.
• The ability to modify a specific Private Cloud Item.
• The ability to purge a specific Private Cloud Item.
• The ability to request a specific Private Cloud Item.
• Etc. (The list is quite long.)

For a more complete list of very specific Capabilities/Disciplines, refer to the Foundation's Master Inventory of IT Disciplines. It is important to note that this inventory is in a flat or non-hierarchical form, specifically because "hierarchy" is almost always a matter of personal preference or context (what hierarchy is important to one Resource or Organization may be unimportant to another's needs or requirements). Therefore, the Foundation has published its inventory of Capabilities in a non-hierarchical, flat form.

This now brings us to a very obvious problem that surrounds Capabilities, which is the fact that there are simply too many "granular" or "specific" Capabilities to document and publish in any single Capability Model. The end result is that a Capability Model may become unwieldy because of trying to incorporate so many different specific Capabilities. Also, Capability Modeling "Purists," who all have their own (and very differing) opinions about how Capability Models should or should not be represented, almost always refuse to get into the details. To address this, we recommend using a generic set of Capabilities that map to and are driven by the Systems Development Life Cycle. For example:

• Identify and Solicit Demand for Private Clouds
• Create and Set Strategy for Private Clouds
• Perform Research on or for Private Clouds
• Plan for the Delivery of Private Clouds
• Identify Requirements for Private Clouds
• Define and Design Private Clouds
• Build or Construct Private Clouds
• Control Quality of or for Private Clouds
• Deliver Private Clouds (to Meet Identified Demand or Desire)
• Operate and Support Private Clouds

As you can see from the above, we now have a very limited, controlled and manageable set of Discipline-specific Capabilities for the Discipline Private Cloud Management.

As a reminder, the above Capability representations are "suggestions" for baselining or initializing your own Enterprise Capability Model (ECM). It's recommended that you take the time to work with your enterprise stakeholders to improve upon and/or customize your own ECM so that you can help meet their needs. However, with that being said, it's always a better idea to go in with a baseline that you can modify rather than building your own solution from scratch, especially if your goals are to standardize, not reinvent the wheel, and not deviate too far from what other enterprises are doing to model their own environments. This is especially true if you've never had any experience building ECMs that have gained and maintained full adoption.

Why do enterprises perform Capability Modeling? Enterprises most often build Capability Models that are associated with Private Cloud Management for the following reasons...

• To create a common enterprise language for the Discipline known as Private Cloud Management.
• To create a common and reusable Private Cloud Management Taxonomy (or a Taxonomy for Private Cloud Management). Such Taxonomies can be used to help layout or structure an enterprise's Intranet (often for routing and/or traverse-ability) and tag Documents in Document Management Systems.
• To create a "Knowledge Map" or "Knowledge Model" for Private Cloud Management. Such Knowledge Maps or Models can then be translated and used for structuring training programs, establishing Communities of Practice (CoPs), and defining and publishing things like policies, processes, procedures, and standards.
• To help categorize and structure Requirements during Requirements collection and analysis.
• To help map things like Applications, Software, and Hardware to the Capability areas of Private Cloud Management.
• To help define enterprise Services, along with helping to understand who provides and consumes such services.
• To help understand what activities go on, in an enterprise, and who performs such activities.
• And much more...

Capability Modeling Recommendations: Some things to consider and keep in mind when working on or creating your Private Cloud Management and Enterprise Capability Models...

• Try and keep "context" or "contexts" out of your core model. For example, your Private Cloud Management Stakeholders may work hard to get what's important to them into the model (e.g. their "organizations" or organizational contexts), as opposed to what might actually be best for the enterprise. It's always a good idea to keep the model as pure as possible and keep such contexts out.
• While it's a good idea to keep contexts out of your core Capability Model, it will eventually become clear that Capability Contexts are, in fact, very important to your enterprise. You will have to find a way to model and represent such contexts, separately. For example, one context might be an organizational view of what organizations provide or consume specific Capabilities, such as Private Cloud Management. Such contexts often represent "cross sectional" or "pivoted" views of your model.
• One of the quickest ways to lose the interest of your enterprise is to keep your model secluded or silo-ed in a spreadsheet or database and not publish it or use it for solving other problems in the enterprise. A good Enterprise Capability Model (ECM) helps get to better Service Management Models, better Document Management Taxonomies, and (most importantly) to better Knowledge Models that can be published as traversable content on your Intranet so that stakeholders can, find, learn about, better understand and use such Capabilities.
• Once you embark on building an ECM, you will undoubtedly run into the challenge that your Business doesn't speak in terms of "Capabilities." Remember, Capability Models are things that were designed by Information Technology (IT) Architects that, very often, have never worked in a Business, built a Business, or run a Business. Some times, it's better to build models using terminology your Business understands, such as "Services," "Features," or "Functions," all terms that most Businesses are far more familiar with. However, this should not be interpreted as a deterrent to keep you from embarking on building an ECM, should it be the right thing to do for your enterprise.
• You will be hard pressed to find many, if any, reusable Capability Models that can be used as solid reference material for your own models, which is why the Foundation has taken the time to document different aspects and issues associated with Capability Modeling and Capability Models.
• You will constantly be under pressure to help define and get your Business Stakeholders to understand what a Capability is. It's for this reason that you may want to use terminology that might be more common with Businesses, such as "Services," "Functions," and/or "Features."
• It's better to start with a model you can go into your Business Stakeholder meetings with, with the intent of improving upon what you have, than it is to go in with nothing at all and build your models from scratch.
• Do your best to work with your Private Cloud Management Stakeholders to help verify and improve your Private Cloud Management Capability Model.
• Don't assume that tools will help solve your Capability Modeling needs. It's always better to start simple and work your way up to tools, after you know what you want to achieve and can realistically achieve.
• Good Capability Models will be many levels or layers "deep." Modelers that think they can represent their entire enterprise or all its key Capabilities in just a few levels of hierarchy are fooling themselves or trying to fool those that they're trying to sell their models to.
• While Capability Models may look like "hierarchical" structures when building your first few layers, good Capability Models will eventually start to share common Capabilities in different areas of the model, forcing the model to take on the structure of a multidimensional "graph."
• Keep your model published and fresh so that the enterprise can see it and use it, immediately. The more eyes you have on your model, the faster it will improve.

Ownership: Clearly Defined Private Cloud Management Ownership is Critical for Success

Here's a very simple fact... If an enterprise does not establish and enforce clearly defined Ownership (i.e. a Resources and his or her Organization are assigned as accountable ownership) for Private Cloud Management, the enterprise has automatically set itself up for failure in its implementation of that discipline. Therefore, if you and your enterprise want to implement and maintain a successful solution for Private Cloud Management, there must be a clearly defined Owner that can and will be held accountable for getting work done, providing transparency, helping with strategy setting, and coordinating implementation of Private Cloud Management as a fully functional and mature enterprise Service.

Having clearly defined Ownership should not be confused with having fully dedicated Resources that spend one hundred percent of their time working on Private Cloud Management. In fact, smaller enterprises can rarely afford to dedicate full time Resources, like larger enterprises can, to all enterprise IT Disciplines. This being the case, all IT Disciplines, including Private Cloud Management, should "always" have clearly defined Owners so that there is always a clear point of accountability and contact for any issues or work that need to be addressed.

In addition to the common best practice of having clearly assigned Ownership for Private Cloud Management, it is also considered a best practice to clearly publish and socialize Private Cloud Management Ownership details to a centralized location (often referred to as a "Service Catalog" or an "Enterprise Service Catalog"), along with Ownership details for all other IT Disciplines, so that the entire enterprise has constant access to it.

Figure: How Ownership of the Capability Private Cloud Management fits into the Canonical Model for IT

The above figure helps us understand how Capability or Discipline Ownership fits into the Canonical Model for Information Technology (IT) (i.e. "Think," "Deliver," and "Operate"). Owners are assigned to individual Disciplines or Capabilities, such as Private Cloud Management, and are instantly made accountable to the enterprise for the results of all Private Cloud Management Thinking activities (i.e. Strategy, Research, Planning and Design), all Private Cloud Management Delivery activities (i.e. Construction, Deployment and Quality Assurance), and all Private Cloud Management Operations activities (i.e. Use, Maintenance and Support). Done correctly, Private Cloud Management Ownership is constant and ongoing. It's important to understand that such assigned Ownership should "never" end so that there is clear and constant accountability and transparency for all aspects of the Canonical Model to the enterprise.

Not having clear Ownership for Private Cloud Management means that there is no clear understanding of who is accountable for it, who can provide understanding of what's going on within it, who can help the enterprise provide short term and long term descriptions of work being performed within the Discipline area to improve it over time for its customers, and who can help with getting work done that's associated with it. It means your or your enterprise's implementation for Private Cloud Management will be highly incomplete and erratic because no one is constantly (or even partially) watching over the Discipline and its needs for maintenance and evolution. Not having clear Private Cloud Management Ownership is a recipe for confusion and, sometimes, even chaos.

In summary, if you and your enterprise truly want to be successful with your implementation of Private Cloud Management, ensure that a clear and highly accountable owner is identified and assigned to the Discipline. Publish those ownership details, preferably in an enterprise's Service Catalog, and socialize it so everyone knows whom to go to for answers and for help with Private Cloud Management related work. In other words, if you want to implement Private Cloud Management as an enterprise Service, then you absolutely must start with clearly defined, published and socialized Ownership.

Verbs and Actions: Understanding Why Verbs and Actions are Important to Private Cloud Management

Throughout the Foundation's documentation, you will continuously run into the references of "Nouns and Verbs." These concepts are key to consistency and standardization, throughout the IT Industry, down to each and every IT Discipline. Given that we've discussed the impact of "Nouns" on the discipline of "Private Cloud Management," this section will start to discuss the importance of "Verbs" or "Actions" that can be performed with or against the key Noun or Nouns associated with this Discipline. To reiterate, Verbs or Actions allow us to clearly understand what can be performed on or with the Noun in question. As will be discussed in the next section, Verbs or Actions will also help us clearly identify whom it is (i.e. the "who" or more specifically the Roles) that performs or executes such Verbs or Actions against a Discipline and its associated Noun or Nouns. As will be discussed later, Verbs or Actions will also help identify key Attributes (i.e. Field Names) that are necessary for the very data definition of the Noun or Nouns for this Discipline and will even help identify which Verbs or Actions can be automated for this Discipline.

As a reminder, the base Noun for the discipline known as Private Cloud Management is: "Private Cloud," which is sometimes referred to as a the Noun: "Private Cloud Item."

By now, it should be becoming apparent that verbs represent a baseline for defining solid functional requirements and sub-capabilities for what would be a part of any good Private Cloud Management System or Service. What this means is that if you and/or your Organization is looking for a solution in this space (e.g. the purchasing or building of a software solution or the implementation of a Service to address the needs of Private Cloud Management), you could use discipline-related verbs to drive the foundation of what the solution should or shouldn't do, as mapped to specific stakeholders that will use or provide the solution.

Examples of the types of Verbs or Actions that are important to this Discipline include but are not limited to:

• Architect
• Create
• Edit/Modify
• Delete
• Design
• Copy
• Own
• Manage
• Etc.

The above list represents a very small subset of all Verbs or Actions that are relevant for this Discipline. The more complete set can be found in the Roles section of this document, where readers can see the direct correlation of Verb to Noun and to, both, Generic Role and Discipline Specific Role.

Roles: Key Verb and Action Driven Roles For Private Cloud Management

An "action" or a "verb" is something that can be performed on or with a specific "noun." The reason it is important to itemize all relevant verbs is because we can now start to determine what we can or cannot do with the noun in question, where in this case the noun is "Private Cloud."

Actions/Verbs	Example as Applied to "Private Cloud"	Generic Roles	Discipline-Specific Roles
Administrate	Administrate Private Cloud	Administrator	Private Cloud Administrator
Approve	Approve Private Cloud	Approver	Private Cloud Approver
Architect	Architect Private Cloud	Architector	Private Cloud Architector
Archive	Archive Private Cloud	Archiver	Private Cloud Archiver
Audit	Audit Private Cloud	Auditor	Private Cloud Auditor
Bundle	Bundle Private Cloud	Bundler	Private Cloud Bundler
Clone	Clone Private Cloud	Cloner	Private Cloud Cloner
Code	Code Private Cloud	Coder	Private Cloud Coder
Configure	Configure Private Cloud	Configurer	Private Cloud Configurer
Copy	Copy Private Cloud	Copier	Private Cloud Copier
Create	Create Private Cloud	Creator	Private Cloud Creator
Decommission	Decommission Private Cloud	Decommissioner	Private Cloud Decommissioner
Delete	Delete Private Cloud	Deletor	Private Cloud Deletor
Deploy	Deploy Private Cloud	Deployer	Private Cloud Deployer
Deprecate	Deprecate Private Cloud	Deprecator	Private Cloud Deprecator
Design	Design Private Cloud	Designer	Private Cloud Designer
Destroy	Destroy Private Cloud	Destroyer	Private Cloud Destroyer
Develop	Develop Private Cloud	Developer	Private Cloud Developer
Distribute	Distribute Private Cloud	Distributor	Private Cloud Distributor
Download	Download Private Cloud	Downloader	Private Cloud Downloader
Edit	Edit Private Cloud	Editor	Private Cloud Editor
Educate	Educate Private Cloud	Educator	Private Cloud Educator
Export	Export Private Cloud	Exporter	Private Cloud Exporter
Govern	Govern Private Cloud	Governor	Private Cloud Governor
Import	Import Private Cloud	Importer	Private Cloud Importer
Initialize	Initialize Private Cloud	Initializer	Private Cloud Initializer
Install	Install Private Cloud	Installer	Private Cloud Installer
Instantiate	Instantiate Private Cloud	Instantiator	Private Cloud Instantiator
Integrate	Integrate Private Cloud	Integrator	Private Cloud Integrator
Manage	Manage Private Cloud	Manager	Private Cloud Manager
Merge	Merge Private Cloud	Merger	Private Cloud Merger
Modify	Modify Private Cloud	Modifier	Private Cloud Modifier
Move	Move Private Cloud	Mover	Private Cloud Mover
Own	Own Private Cloud	Owner	Private Cloud Owner
Package	Package Private Cloud	Packager	Private Cloud Packager
Persist	Persist Private Cloud	Persister	Private Cloud Persister
Plan	Plan Private Cloud	Planner	Private Cloud Planner
Purge	Purge Private Cloud	Purger	Private Cloud Purger
Receive	Receive Private Cloud	Receiver	Private Cloud Receiver
Record	Record Private Cloud	Recorder	Private Cloud Recorder
Recover	Recover Private Cloud	Recoverer	Private Cloud Recoverer
Register	Register Private Cloud	Registrar	Private Cloud Registrar
Relocate	Relocate Private Cloud	Relocator	Private Cloud Relocator
Reject	Reject Private Cloud	Rejecter	Private Cloud Rejecter
Remove	Remove Private Cloud	Remover	Private Cloud Remover
Replicate	Replicate Private Cloud	Replicator	Private Cloud Replicator
Report	Report Private Cloud	Reporter	Private Cloud Reporter
Request	Request Private Cloud	Requestor	Private Cloud Requestor
Restore	Restore Private Cloud	Restorer	Private Cloud Restorer
Review	Review Private Cloud	Reviewer	Private Cloud Reviewer
Save	Save Private Cloud	Saver	Private Cloud Saver
Search	Search Private Cloud	Searcher	Private Cloud Searcher
Split	Split Private Cloud	Splitter	Private Cloud Splitter
Sponsor	Sponsor Private Cloud	Sponsor	Private Cloud Sponsor
Store	Store Private Cloud	Storer	Private Cloud Storer
Strategize	Strategize Private Cloud	Strategizer (or Strategy Setter)	Private Cloud Strategizer (or Private Cloud Strategy Setter)
Support	Support Private Cloud	Supporter	Private Cloud Supporter
Train	Train Private Cloud	Trainer	Private Cloud Trainer
Upgrade	Upgrade Private Cloud	Upgrader	Private Cloud Upgrader
Upload	Upload Private Cloud	Uploader	Private Cloud Uploader
Version	Version Private Cloud	Versioner	Private Cloud Versioner
View	View Private Cloud	Viewer	Private Cloud Viewer

At a minimum, the above list of Verbs can be used to help identify, track, and manage the basic "Features" required by and associated with Private Cloud Management, even if your enterprise doesn't maintain a Capability Model that lists specific Private Cloud Management Capabilities. Application designers, developers, and architects often find such Verb Lists or Feature Inventories to be invaluable.

Taxonomy: Understanding Private Cloud Management Classifications or Categorizations

A Taxonomy, in its noun form, is defined as:

...a documented and orderly set of types, classifications, categorizations and/or principles that are often achieved through mechanisms including but not limited to naming, defining and/or the grouping of attributes, and which ultimately help to describe, differentiate, identify, arrange and provide contextual relationships between the entities for which the Taxonomy exists.

From this general definition, we can derive that the definition for a Private Cloud Management Taxonomy is:

...a documented and orderly set of types, classifications, categorizations and/or principles that are often achieved through mechanisms including but not limited to naming, defining and/or the grouping of attributes, and which ultimately help to describe, differentiate, identify, arrange and provide contextual relationships between Private Cloud Items, Entities or Types.

In short, what this means all means is that a Taxonomy is nothing more than a classification or typing mechanism and that a Private Cloud Taxonomy is nothing more than a classification or typing mechanism that helps people and systems distinguish between different Private Cloud Items, Entities, Types, Records or any other Private Cloud Management element you can think of.

It's important to understand that Taxonomies can be as simple as a list of relevant terms or phrases with respective meanings or definitions or they can take on more complex forms, such as hierarchical and graphical model structures that can be homogeneous and heterogeneous in nature. More complex Taxonomies include examples such as "Visual Taxonomies" and "Audible Taxonomies" but, expect in the case of very special technologies, are typically out of scope for general Information Technology (IT) Operations.

The Foundation directs readers to its ever-evolving Inventory of Taxonomies for Standard Taxonomy suggestions. Specifically, readers may want to start with the Taxonomy of Taxonomies, which helps make it clear that the IT Industry is composed of many hundreds if not thousands of Taxonomies, Classifications, Categorizations or Types.

Life Cycle (Lifecycle): Data Lifecycle Phases for Private Cloud Management

Data Lifecycle (or Life Cycle) for any and all data is the period from the "inception" of data through to its ultimately being "purged" from existence. This is no different for Private Cloud Management related data.

Like the data associated with any other professional IT Discipline, Private Cloud Management related data adheres to the following common Data Lifecycle Phases:

Figure: Private Cloud Management Lifecycle Phases

1. Inception: Data is in it's raw idea-like form and is not ready for consumption by the general population because it has not been documented or registered, anywhere, in a formal manner.
2. Creation and Registration: Data is formally put into existence for day-to-day use by appropriate stakeholders.
3. Iterative Maintenance: Data is in a mode of constant use and is updated and modified, as needed, to meet the needs of daily use by various stakeholders.
4. Decommission and Deletion: Data is prepared for deletion and eventually deleted from daily operational use but still exists for administrative or organizational purposes, such as historical auditing. It can be restored to any one of its relevant last states and, therefore, can be brought back into existence for day-to-day use.
5. Purged From Existence: Data is completely removed from an environment with no means to restore or reconstruct it, without recreating it from scratch and with no guarantees that it will match it's previous state.

The above Life Cycle Phases represent the high level transitions that occur from the inception of Private Cloud Items or Entities all the way through to their complete elimination from existence. A more detailed breakdown of these transitions or phases represents what are referred to as "Private Cloud Management States."

Metrics: Private Cloud Management Metrics

As with any professional Discipline, the place to start with when dealing with Private Cloud Management specific metrics is with standard metrics categorizations. Standard Metrics Categorizations, or what are commonly referred to as "SMCs," include but are not limited to...

• Quantitative Metrics or, in this case, Private Cloud Management Quantitative Metrics
• Qualitative Metrics or, in this case, Private Cloud Management Qualitative Metrics
• Time Metrics or, in this case, Private Cloud Management Time Metrics
• Utilization Metrics or, in this case, Private Cloud Management Utilization Metrics
• Financial Metrics or, in this case, Private Cloud Management Financial Metrics

Private Cloud Management Quantitative Metrics: Quantitative metrics for Private Cloud Management often revolve around the "counting" of key constructs that are associated with the Discipline. For example, the number of Private Cloud Items or Entities that have been Created, Edited or Modified, Copied or Cloned, Destroyed, Archived, Restored, etc. (Note the correlations to key Private Cloud Management Verbs!). Also, the counts for things like the number of Private Cloud Management Stakeholders, such as but not limited to Paying Customers, End Users, Employees, Consultants, etc. are also very useful.

Private Cloud Management Qualitative Metrics: Qualitative metrics for Private Cloud Management often revolve around concepts such as Private Cloud Management Defects, Failures, Problems, Incidents, and/or Issues. So, for example, if we were to capture the number of Private Cloud Management Defects (i.e. their counts) over time, we could do things like see if Defect quantities are going up or down, over time, allowing us to explore that area for things like correlating Causes and Effects.

Private Cloud Management Time Metrics: When dealing with Private Cloud Management Time Metrics, there are usually two forms. The first was introduced in the previous paragraph, which has to do with capturing and measuring things like Quantitative or Qualitative Metrics, over time. In this case, we capture other metric categories, over time, with the intent to see how they change and perform, based on modifications to the Private Cloud Management Operating Environment. The second form of Time related metrics has to do with system or operational performance, such as in the case of how long it takes to process a Private Cloud Management Request, from the time it is created to the time the Requester gets a satisfactory deliverable that allows him or her to move on with his or her work.

Private Cloud Management Utilization Metrics: Utilization Metrics specifically have to do with the consumption of Private Cloud Management specific solutions or deliverables. For example, tracking the number of Private Cloud Management Service Requests, over periods of time, along with their corresponding Private Cloud Management Deliverables, allows one to measure how active Private Cloud Management Services are against other Services that may exist within the Enterprise.

Private Cloud Management Financial Metrics: As is always the case for any single Discipline, Financial Metrics for Private Cloud Management always revolve around things like revenue, expenses, and profits, both, for operators of the Service or Services and for consumers of the Service or Services. For example, if a Private Cloud Management Request is invoked by a Private Cloud Management Customer (acting as the "Requester"), it becomes important to be able to identify and understand what the cost is to that Customer who is invoking the Request, and it also becomes important to understand why that cost is what it is. In the case of Services that do not yield revenue or profits, measuring costs is a strong way to, at very least, help understand the costs associated with each Service being performed by, within, external to, and for the Enterprise and its Customers.

Note: It's important to understand that, when it comes to metrics, enterprises should take a "Crawl," "Walk," "Run" approach to collecting, working with, and understanding them. That is, you cannot get to complex metrics collection, dissection, analysis, and understanding until you start with basic metrics and slowly work your way to more complex metrics representations.

Services: Private Cloud Management as a Set of Services (a.k.a. Private Cloud Management Services)

One of the most important concepts you will learn about Private Cloud Management (or any Discipline, for that matter) is the notion of implementing the Discipline as an accountable, planned, controlled, transparent, and managed "Service."

In short, Services represent a logically "bounded" and repeatable sets of work types, activities or tasks that are performed by humans and/or machines, with the specific intent to provide outputs or deliverables, in the form of solutions for the requesting Stakeholders who are commonly considered the customers of such Services. In other words, we perform and/or provide a Service to deliver very specific solutions to very specific Stakeholders who are looking for a means to solve a certain problem they have.

Services can be performed manually (i.e. by people), automatically (i.e. by machines such as Computers), or by a combination of the two (i.e. a hybrid that is both manually and automated).

Private Cloud Management Service Components: The successful implementation of Private Cloud Management as a set of Services for your enterprise usually implies that a number of key components have been established to support it. These components are:

1. A clearly documented and socialized Private Cloud Management Service Owner
2. A clearly documented and socialized Private Cloud Management Service Provider, Organization or Group who is performing the Service or work
3. A clearly documented and socialized inventory of all Private Cloud Management Service Inputs, including Private Cloud Management Service Requests and any artifacts necessary to support such Requests
4. For every Private Cloud Management Service Input, a clearly documented and socialized inventory of Private Cloud Management Service Outputs, making it clear to consumers what they can expect to receive as a result of a successful Service Request
5. For every Private Cloud Management Service Input, a clearly documented and socialized inventory of the work being performed by the Service Provider to achieve such Outputs or Deliverables
6. For every Private Cloud Management Service Input, a clearly documented and socialized inventory Service Levels that can be used to set expectations and measure actuals against for said Service Outputs

Private Cloud Management Ownership: The most important thing to understand about a Private Cloud Management Service is that, in order for such a Service to be successful, there must be a clear and accountable Owner for it. That is, there needs to be a very clear and accountable named person or organization that owns and is fully responsible for the Service, all of its sub-Services and, most importantly, all of the Service's "Outcomes." Without clear ownership, Services are almost never successful. And, for those few occasions where Services are successful without clear ownership, you can assume that they're successful because the people working in those Service areas are acting as heroes, or... the those Services are just plain lucky (that kind of luck doesn't last for long).

Private Cloud Management Service Inputs: There are typically two types of inputs to any Private Cloud Management Service. The first is what is known as a "Private Cloud Management Service Request" and the second really represents any and all supporting artifacts that are necessary to support such requests, including but not limited to Data and Information in the form of Documents, either electronic or paper in form. Many would argue that the "money" to pay for the Service execution of the Request would be the third but, for now, we will assume that payment is controlled through the Data and Information provided to the Service Operators, in support of the Request.

Private Cloud Management Service Outputs: The outputs of any Service are often referred to as the Service's Deliverables. Therefore, the readers should be aware that the terms "Private Cloud Management Outputs" and "Private Cloud Management Deliverables" are synonymous and interchangeable. All work performed in any enterprise is, by default, a Service that is being performed for someone else and, therefore, all work or Services yield results. These results are the Service's Outputs or Deliverables and a good Service ensures that such Outputs are appropriately documented to the consumers of said Service. This means that for any given Private Cloud Management Service Request Type or Category there will be one or more clearly defined and documented Outputs or Deliverables, making it clear to the consumer what he, she, or they will get in response to their Request. This can be as simple as an answer to a question or as complex as the Merger of two enterprises.

Private Cloud Management Service Levels: Service Levels represent "performance agreements," contractual or otherwise, that dictate how well a Private Cloud Management Service should perform, most often keeping the Customers, Consumers, Clients or End Users of the Service in mind. Private Cloud Management Service Levels can come in many forms and are often worked out by the Customers paying for the Services and the Service Providers who sell or provide the Services. In many cases, Service Levels are also self-imposed by the Service Providers performing the Services as a means to set expectations for Service Customers. In short, Private Cloud Management Service Levels are constraints, limitations, and/or expectations that are tied directly to Private Cloud Management Service Deliverables. They represent measures for things like quality, efficiency, and cost against said Deliverables or Outputs that allow the consumer of such Services to measure what they actually get against what they expected to get.

Principles & Best Practices: Common Principles and Best Practices for Private Cloud Management

A "Principle" is defined as being: "A professed assumption, basis, tenet, doctrine, plan of action or code of conduct for activities, work or behavior." Therefore, we can deduce the definition of "a Private Cloud Management Principle" to be:

Private Cloud Management Principle: "1. A professed assumption, basis, tenet, doctrine, plan of action or code of conduct for any activities, work or behavior associated with the Discipline known as Private Cloud Management."

A "Best Practice" is defined as being: "One or more Activities, Actions, Tasks or Functions that often do not conform with strict Standards and that have evolved, over time, to be considered as conventional wisdom for consistently and repeated achieving Outcomes or Results that can be measured as being equal to or above acceptable norms." Therefore, we can deduce the definition of "a Private Cloud Management Best Practice" to be:

Private Cloud Management Best Practice: "1. One or more Private Cloud Management related Activities, Actions, Tasks or Functions that often do not conform with strict standards and that have evolved, over time, to be considered as conventional wisdom for consistently and repeatedly achieving Outcomes or Results that can be measured as being equal to or above acceptable norms."

The plural form of this term would be "Private Cloud Management Best Practices."

Common Private Cloud Management related principles and best practices exist to help achieve higher than average expectations of quality and to ease in the implementation, support, operations, and future change associated with the solutions industry professionals put in place to address the needs of this Discipline and all its related stakeholders.

While this entire document is meant to represent and serve as a set of common principles and best practices for Private Cloud Management, the following list represents a summary of some very basic examples of what implementers, supporters, and operators of Private Cloud Management should constantly be working toward:

Principle or Best Practice	Description
Establish and always have very clear Ownership for Private Cloud Management.	Establishing, publishing and socializing clear Ownership for Private Cloud Management allows an enterprise and all its Resources, regardless of their geographic location, to assign accountability for all aspects of the Discipline. It also ensures that there's always at least one person that everyone can go to for transparency into the Discipline as well as for handling work that is associated with the Discipline.
Always use standard terminology for Private Cloud Management, in order to standardize communications between stakeholders.	It is often argued that the biggest mistake you can make is to create your own words and/or your own definitions, when communicating with others. There is no place where this is more accurate than in the field of Information Technology. IT Stakeholders make up their own words and definitions far too often, or let their business constituents do so. When you make up words or definitions, or you let others do so, you're creating a grave injustice for your organization. Self invented terminology and grammar often leads to poor communications, which in turn leads to redundancy of solutions, higher complexity of environments, slower delivery times, and much higher costs. Therefore, the IF4IT always recommends that you leverage standard terminology for Private Cloud Management, whenever possible.
Centralization of Private Cloud related data.	While often impossible to centralize and collocate all Private Cloud related data and information, especially in a geographically dispersed environment, Private Cloud Management related stakeholders should always strive to centralize all data and information. The goals are to eliminate data fragmentation, improve source of truth for data, reduce the number of systems needed to support stakeholders, reduce the complexity of solutions, improve usability, and to ultimately reduce the costs associated with Private Cloud Management.
Transparency of Private Cloud related data.	Stakeholders should always strive to make any and all Private Cloud Management data transparent to all other appropriate stakeholders, at a minimum, and often to the entire enterprises. The exception when private user data must be protected. Many stakeholders often make the mistake of treating internal operational data as private or protected. This often creates a data silo and will often lead to internally silo-ed organizations that revolve around such data silos.
Do not let "perfection" of Private Cloud Management solutions stand in the way of "good enough solutions".	Often, Private Cloud Management stakeholders "overthink" solutions, leading to the impression that best-of-breed or perfect solutions are more effective than "good enough" solutions. Experience tells us that "good enough" is, almost always, the better path to follow. We live in an age where technologies grow old in the blink of an eye. Even the implementation of something that looks perfect, today, will look antiquated, tomorrow. This is especially true if your enterprise doesn't have a long term funding plan and commitment to improvements and upgrades of the solution(s) put in place.
Follow industry Standards, Best Practices, and Guiding Principles for Private Cloud Management, whenever possible".	One of the most common errors many enterprises make is to create solutions from scratch or without the guidance, assistance and/or experience of others who have created such solutions, before them. Whenever possible, the IF4IT recommends that you research existing Standards, Best Practices, and Guiding Principles to avoid the mistakes of others, while also gaining from their successes. Remember, we live in a vast world. Chances are very high that someone else has already experienced the pain you're about to create for yourself. Wise people will always look to learn from such people's experiences before they go down the road of implementing their own solutions.
Work toward and maintain a Single Source of Truth (SSoT), whenever possible.	While it may be impossible to truly maintain a Single Source of Truth (SSoT) for all data items at all times, especially in the case where the same data entity or instance enters an enterprise through unique data channels, it is an accepted, industry-wide best practice to always work toward such a goal.

Further Reading and Reference Material for Private Cloud Management

The Information Technology (IT) Learning Framework. A tutorial that helps understand Information Technology and how disciplines, such as this one, fits into the bigger picture of IT Operations.